Iziqukathi ze-Sharps Zichaziwe: Ukubaluleka, Izici, Izinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye Nemininingwane Yemboni
I. Isingeniso
Ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo, ukuphatha imfucuza yezokwelapha kubalulekile kukho kokubiliukuphepha kwesigulifuthiimpilo yabasebenzi. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zikadoti wezokwelapha,{1}}izinaliti ezicijile, imijovo, ama-scapel, nezinye izinto ezicijile{2}}zidala ingozi enkulu. Amandla weukulimala inalitifuthiukunqamula{0}}ukungcoliswaukukhathazeka kwansuku zonke ezilungiselelweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo.Iziqukathi ezibukhaliidlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni lezi zingozi ngokuhlinzeka ngendlela ephephile, elawulwayo yokulahla izinto ezicijile ngemva kokusetshenziswa.
Ezilungiselelweni eziningi zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, iziqukathi ezibukhali zingenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu kodwa ezingaziswa kangako zokulawulwa kwemfucuza. Lezi zitsha zisiza ukuvikela ukulimala, zivikele ukusabalala kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, futhi ziqinisekise ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho eqinile yokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa nokubaluleka kwazo kudlula ukusebenza okuyisisekelo. Lesi sihloko sizohlolaukubaluleka, izici, izicelo, futhiimikhuba engcono kakhulu yemboniyeziqukathi ezibukhali, enikeza umhlahlandlela ophelele wochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo, amaqembu okulawula udoti, nochwepheshe bezimboni.
II. Incazelo yeziqukathi ze-Sharps
Iziqukathi ezibukhaliziyiziqukathi ezikhethekile eziklanyelwe ukuqoqwa okuphephile, ukubamba, kanye nokulahlwa kwamathuluzi ezokwelapha abukhali. Lezi zitsha zisetshenziselwa ukugcinaizinaliti ezisetshenzisiwe, ama-scalpels, ama-lancets, ingilazi ephukile, izinsingo, nezinye izinto ezingadala ukulimala uma zingaphathwanga kahle. Inhloso yesiqukathi esibukhali akukhona nje ukuvikela ochwepheshe bezempilo ekulimaleni kwezinaliti kodwa futhivimbela ukungcoliswafuthi uqinisekise ukuthi amathuluzi ezokwelapha asetshenzisiwe alahlwa ngokuphephile ngokuvumelanaizindinganiso zokulawula.
Iziqukathi ze-Sharps ziyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokulahlwa kwemfucuza yezokwelapha ezikhungweni zezempilo. Lezi zitsha zenzelwe ukumelana nomthelela wezinto ezibukhali futhi zivikele ukuvuza noma ukuchitheka kwezinto ezikuwo. Iziqukathi ezibukhali zenziwe ngezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside,ukubhoboza{0}}ukumelanaizinto ezifanahigh-i-polyethylene enokuminyana(HDPE) nomai-polypropylene(PP), ezikhethelwe amandla nokuqina kwazo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziqukathi ezibukhali kufanele zibeibhalwe ngokucacilengeuphawu lwe-biohazardfuthi ngokuvamile baphathe iziqondiso ezithile ukuze basize ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo bakhombe uhlobo lwemfucuza abahloselwe yona. Lezi zitsha zivame ukuklanywa nge-aivikelekile, iphazamisa{0}}isivalo esibonakalayoukuvimbela ukuchayeka ngengozi, ukuchitheka, noma ukuphazamisa.
III. Izici kanye Nemisebenzi Yeziqukathi ze-Sharps
A. Phuma{1}}Izinto Ezingazweli
Isici esiyinhloko sesitsha se-sharps yisonaukubhoboza{0}}ukumelanaukwakhiwa. Njengoba imfucumfucu ebukhali iyingozi ngokwemvelo, kubalulekile ukuthi isiqukathi siqine ngokwanele ukuqukatha izinto ezingaba yingozi njengezinaliti nama-scapel.I-polyethylenefuthii-polypropyleneyizinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezitsheni ezibukhali ngenxa yobuhle bazoamandlafuthiukuqina.
Lezi zinto zihlolwe ukumelana kwazo nokubhoboza, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezibukhali azingeni esitsheni ngesikhathi sokuphatha noma sokuthutha. Okwesitshaizindonga zepulasitiki eziwugqinsivimbela imiphetho ecijile yezinaliti esezisetshenzisiwe ukuthi ingabhobozi futhi ibangele ukulimala.
Ukwengeza, ukwakheka kwalezi ziqukathi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zimelana nengcindezi enkulu nokuphathwa kabi. Ezilungiselelweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, iziqukathi ezibukhali zivame ukuhanjiswa phakathi kweminyango noma zilahlwe ngamaloli emfucuza yezokwelapha akhethekile, okudinga ukuqina okwengeziwe ukuze kuvikelwe okuqukethwe.
B. Vikela futhi Ukuvuza-Ukuvalwa Kobufakazi
Esinye isici esibalulekile seziqukathi ezibukhali yi-uhlelo lokuvala oluvikelekile. Iisivaloyesiqukathi esibukhali kufanele sikwazi ukusivala ngokuphelele isiqukathi, sivimbele noma yikuphi ukuvuza koketshezi okungaba yingozi. Aukuvuza{0}ukuvalwa kobufakazikubaluleke kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwezifo ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Iziqukathi eziningi zesimanje ezibukhali zifakwe aeyodwa-isivalo sendlelanomaindlela yokukhiyaevumela kuphela ukuthi izinto ezicijile zilahlwe, kodwa zingasuswa. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuchayeka ngengozi ezintweni ezingcolile uma izinto ezibukhali sezibekwe esitsheni.
Iziqukathi eziningi zakhiwe ngeisivalo sokukhiya okuzenzakalelayolokho kubamba uma isitsha sesigcwele. Uma lesi sivalo sesivaliwe, asikwazi ukuphinda sivulwe, okuqinisekisa ukuthi isiqukathi sihlala sivikelekile kuze kube yilapho silahlwa ngokuphephile endaweni yokubi. Lo mklamo unciphisa ingozi yokuchayeka ngengozi ezintweni eziyingozi ngesikhathi sokuthutha.
C. Usayizi kanye Nomthamo
Iziqukathi ze-Sharps zitholakala ngohlu lweosayizifuthiamakhono, yakhelwe izidingo ezithile zezindawo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezahlukene. Isibonelo, iziqukathi ezincane, ezihlangene zingahle zisetshenziswe umuntu ngamunye kuzoamagumbi esigulinomaizilungiselelo zasemtholampilo, kuyilapho iziqukathi ezinkulu zisetshenziswa-ezindaweni zevolumu ephezulu njengalokhuamagumbi ezimo eziphuthumayo, amathiyetha okuhlinza, nomaamalabhorethri.
Usayizi olungile weziqukathi ezibukhali kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekiseukulahlwa okuphephilefuthivimbela ukugcwala ngokweqile. Iziqukathi ezigcwele ngokweqile ziyingozi enkulu, njengoba zingase zibangele ukuchitheka kwezinto ezicijile, okuholela emandleni okulimala. IOSHAimihlahlandlela incoma ukuthi iziqukathi kufanele zishintshwe lapho zikhona-amakota amathathu agcweleukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho,obalanomakancane{{0}okusobalaiziqukathi zivumela ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuthi baqaphe kalula lapho isiqukathi sifinyelela umthamo waso, sinciphisa ingozi yokugcwalisa ngokweqile kanye nokuqinisekisa ukulahlwa ngesikhathi.
D. Ukuhambisana Namazinga Okulawula
Ukuhambisana nemithetho yokunakekelwa kwezempilo kubalulekile uma kukhulunywa ngeziqukathi ezibukhali. Izinhlaka ezahlukene zokulawula, njengeOSHAe-United States futhiISO(Inhlangano Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yokumisa), yabeka izindinganiso eziqinile zokulawulwa kwemfucuza yezokwelapha. Le mithethonqubo ichaza iimpahla, umklamo, futhiizidingo zokulebulaiziqukathi ezibukhali ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwazo ekuvimbeleni ukulimala nokutheleleka.
Iziqukathi ezibukhali kufanele zibeibhalwe ngokucacilengeuphawu lwe-biohazard, ixwayisa abasebenzisi ngezingozi ezingaba khona ngaphakathi. Kufanele futhi zimakwe ngeziqondiso zokuthi ulahlwa kanjani kahle imfucuza ebukhali kanye nendlela yokuphatha isiqukathi uma sigcwele. Ukwengeza, iziqukathi kufanele zibeumbala{{0}ufakwe ikhodiukuzehlukanisa kwezinye izinhlobo zeziqukathi zemfucuza yezokwelapha, njengalezo zemithi noma imfucuza evamile.
Ukuthobela la mazinga akuvikeli kuphela abasebenzi neziguli kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi izikhungo zezempilo ziyahlangabezana nezimfuneko ezingokomthetho zokulahlwa okuphephile kwemfucuza eyingozi.
IV. Izicelo zama-Sharps Containers
Iziqukathi ze-Sharps zisetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Nazi ezinye zezilungiselelo ezivame kakhulu lapho zisetshenziswa khona:
A. Izilungiselelo Zokunakekelwa Kwezempilo
Isicelo esibaluleke kakhulu nesijwayelekile seziqukathi ezibukhali singaphakathiizilungiselelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, njengeizibhedlela, imitholampilo, amahhovisi odokotela bamazinyo, amalabhorethri, futhiizikhungo zokuhlinza. Kulezi zindawo, imfucuza ebukhali ikhiqizwa njalo ngesikhathi sezinqubo zezokwelapha ezifanaimijovo, igazi liyadonsa, ukuhlinzwa, futhiukuhlolwa kokuxilonga.
Kulezi zikhungo zezempilo, iziqukathi ezibukhali zivame ukufakwa kuzoamagumbi esiguli, amagumbi okuhlinzela, amagumbi okuhlolwa, futhiizindawo zokulindaukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezicijile ziyalahlwa ngokushesha ngemva kokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kunciphisa ubungozi bokulimala kwenaliti kanye{1}}nokungcola phakathi kweziguli nabasebenzi bezempilo.
B. Izimo Zemithi Nezaselabhorethri
Kuukukhiqizwa kwemithifuthiamalabhorethri ocwaningo, iziqukathi ezibukhali zisetshenziselwa ukulahla izinaliti, izingongolo, namanye amathuluzi abukhali asetshenziswa ekucwaningeni, ekuhloleni nasekukhiqizeni izidakamizwa. Lezi zikhungo zidinga izindlela eziqinile zokulawula udoti ukuze kugwenywe ukungcoliswa kwemikhiqizo yezemithi kanye nokuvikela abasebenzi ezintweni eziyingozi.
Iziqukathi ze-Sharps kulezi zilungiselelo zivame ukuba zinkulu ngosayizi futhi zenzelwe ukubambaimiqulu emikhuluyemfucuza ebukhali ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komtholampilo, ucwaningo, noma ukukhiqizwa.
C. Imitholampilo Yezilwane
Imitholampilo yezilwane iphinde ikhiqize imfucuza ebukhali ngesikhathi sokugoma, ukuhlinzwa, noma ukuhlola izilwane. Ochwepheshe bezilwane basebenzisa iziqukathi ezibukhali ukuze balahle izinaliti, amasirinji, nezinye izinto ezicijile ezisetshenziswa ekwelapheni izilwane. Njengasezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo yabantu, umgomo oyinhloko ukuvikela kokubili ochwepheshe bokunakekelwa kwezilwane kanye nezilwane ekulimaleni nokuvimbela ukusabalala kwezifo.
D. Ukunakekelwa Kwezempilo Kwasekhaya kanye-Nokunakekelwa Kwesikhathi Eside
Iziqukathi ze-Sharps nazo zisetshenziselwaukunakekelwa kwezempilo ekhayaizilungiselelo, lapho iziguli zingadinga ukulahla ezisetshenzisiweizinaliti ze-insulinnomaama-auto-injection. Ezikhungweni zokunakekela-zesikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinakekela iziguli esezikhulile ezinezifo ezingelapheki ezifana naleziisifo sikashukela, iziqukathi ezibukhali zisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukulahlwa okuphephile kwemfucuza yezokwelapha. Kulezi zilungiselelo, iziqukathi ezincane, eziphathwayo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvumela iziguli noma abanakekeli ukuthi balahle izinto ezibukhali kalula nangokuphepha.
E. Izilungiselelo Zezimo Eziphuthumayo Nezinhlekelele
Iziqukathi ze-Sharps nazo zitshalwe ngaphakathiimpendulo ephuthumayonomausizo lwezinhlekeleleizilungiselelo, lapho zisetshenziselwa ukulahla ngokuphephile izinaliti, amasirinji, nezinye izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha ezibhedlela zasensimini noma emitholampilo yesikhashana. Lezi zitsha eziphathwayo ziqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha eziphuthumayo futhi zisiza ukulawula ukusabalala kwezifo ezindaweni ezinengqalasizinda elinganiselwe yokulahla imfucuza.
V. Imikhuba Engcono Kakhulu Yokusebenzisa Isitsha Se-Sharps
A. Ukubeka Nokufinyeleleka Okufanelekile
Ukubekwa kweziqukathi ezibukhali kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwazo ngempumelelo. Iziqukathi kumele zifinyeleleke kalula eduze nezindawo lapho kusetshenziswa khona izinto ezibukhali. Kufanele zibekwe ngaphakathiukufinyelela kwengaloyomsebenzi wezempilo, ukunciphisa isidingo sokuthwala izinto ezicijile endaweni yonke kanye nokunciphisa ingozi yokulimala ngengozi. Ukubeka iziqukathi ezibukhali ekuphakameni okufanele nakho kubalulekile ukuze kube lula futhi kube lula.
B. Ukulahlwa Ngesikhathi Kanye Nokuhlola Okuvamile
Iziqukathi ze-Sharps kufanele zishintshwe uma sezikhona-amakota amathathu agcweleukuvimbela ukugcwala ngokweqile. Iziqukathi ezigcwele ngokweqile zandisa ingozi yokuchitheka kwezinhlamvu ezicijile, ezingadala ukulimala noma ukungcoliswa. Ukwengeza, iziqukathi kufanele zihlolwe njalo ukuze kubonakale ukuqhekeka, ukuvuza, noma omunye umonakalo. Isitsha esilimele kufanele sisuswe futhi sishintshwe ngokushesha ukuze kugcinwe ukuphepha.
C. Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabasebenzi
Abasebenzi bezempilo kumele baqeqeshwe ngendlela yokusebenzisa iziqukathi ezibukhali ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi bazisebenzisa ngendlela efanele. Ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi kufanele kufake ulwazi ngokubaluleka kokulahlwa kwezinto ezibukhali eziphephile, ukuthi kulahlwa kanjani kahle izinto ezibukhali, kanye nendlela yokuphatha iziqukathi uma sezigcwele. Izikhathi zokuqeqesha ezivamile zokuphepha zingagcizelela ukubaluleka kwalezi zinqubo futhi zinciphise amathuba okulimala ngengozi.
VI. Isiphetho
Iziqukathi ze-Sharps ziyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lokulawulwa kwemfucuza yezempilo. Yaboukubhoboza{0}}ukumelanaidizayini,izindlela zokuvala ezivikelekile, futhiukuhambisana nokulawulaabenze amathuluzi abalulekileukuvimbela ukulimala kwenaliti, ukuvikela abasebenzi bezempilo neziguli, nokuqinisekisaukulawula ukuthelelekaezilungiselelweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
Kusukela ezibhedlela kanye nemitholampilo yezilwane kuye kulabhorethri yemithi kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwasekhaya, iziqukathi ezibukhali zibalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuphepha kanyeukuhambisana nokulawulaezimbonini ezahlukene. Iukusetshenziswa okufanele, ukubekwa, futhiukugcinwazalezi zitsha ziyizici ezibalulekile ekwehliseni ubungozi kanye nokwenza ngcono amazinga okuphepha ewonke.
Ngokuqhubeka ugxileimfundo, ukuqeqeshwa, futhiukuqapha njalo, izikhungo zezempilo kanye nezimboni zingaqinisekisa ukuthi iziqukathi ezibukhali zisetshenziswa ngempumelelo nangokuphepha, kuncishiswe ubungozi obuhambisana nemfucuza ebukhali kanyeukuphathwa kwemfucuza yezokwelapha.
